Drug Discovery from Herbs: Approaches and Applications

by Suresh Bhojraj et. al.

ISBN: 9789386615701
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Imprint : Daya Publishing House
Year : 2018
Price : Rs. 12995.00
Biblio : xviii+380p., figs., tabls., col.plts., 25 cm

Author Profile

The Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries (NAM S&T Centre) is an inter-governmental organisation with a membership of 48 countries spread over Asia, Africa, Middle East and Latin America. Besides this, 12 S&T agencies and academic/research institutions of Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, India, Nigeria and Turkey are the members of the S&T-Industry Network of the Centre. The Centre was set up in 1989 to promote South-South cooperation through mutually beneficial partnerships among scientists and technologists and scientific organisations in developing countries. It implements a variety of programmes including international workshops, meetings, roundtables, training courses and collaborative projects and brings out scientific publications, including a quarterly Newsletter. It is also implementing 7 Fellowship schemes, namely, NAM S&T Centre Research Fellowship, Joint NAM S&T Centre – ICCBS Karachi Fellowship, Joint CSIR/CFTRI (Diamond Jubilee) - NAM S&T Centre Fellowship, Joint NAM S&T Centre – ZMT Bremen Fellowship, Research Training Fellowship for Developing Country Scientists (RTF-DCS), NAM S&T Centre – U2ACN2 Research Associateship in Nanosciences and Nanotechnology and Joint NAM S&T Centre – DST (South Africa) Training Fellowship on Minerals Processing and Beneficiation in Indian institutions. These activities provide, among others, the opportunity for scientist-to-scientist contact and interaction, training and expert assistance, familiarising the scientific community on the latest developments and techniques in the subject areas, and identification of technologies for transfer between member countries. The Centre has so far brought out 69 publications and has organised 99 international workshops and training programmes. For further details, please visit www.namstct.org or write to the Director General, NAM S&T Centre, Core 6A, 2nd Floor, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003, India (Phone: +91-11-24645134/24644974; Fax: +91-11-24644973; E-mail: namstcentre@gmail.com; namstct@bol.net.in).

About The Book

Herbal medicines have so far not been strictly based on evidence gathered using the scientific methods, but lately these have gained a lot of attention and a greater scientific interest in the medicinal use of plants has arisen. Although herbal supplements may be considered safe, some are known to be toxic at high doses and others may have potential side effect after prolonged use. The general public is largely unaware that adverse health effects can be associated with the use of herbal supplements resulting from overdosing. There are the matters of great concern. Extensive research is also needed to meet the challenges of identifying the active compounds in the plants, and there should be research-based evidence on whether whole herbs or extracted compounds are better. Smart screening methods and metabolic engineering offer exciting technologies for new natural product drug discovery. Advances in rapid genetic sequencing, coupled with manipulation of biosynthetic pathways, may provide a vast resource for the future discovery of pharmaceutical agents. In order to discuss the above issues, the Centre for Science & Technology of the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries (NAM S&T Centre), jointly with the JSS University, Mysore, India, organised an International Training Workshop on ‘Herbal Medicine: Drug Discovery from Herbs: Approaches, Innovations and Applications’ during 30th March – 3rd April 2015 in Mysore (Karnataka) and Ooty (Tami Nadu), India. The workshop facilitated the capacity building and exchange of information and expertise among the developing countries. This book comprises 25 papers from the researchers and professionals of 17 countries, which include those presented at the International Training Workshop on ‘Herbal Medicine: Drug Discovery from Herbs: Approaches, Innovations and Applications’ during 30th March – 3rd April 2015 in Mysore (Karnataka) and Ooty (Tami Nadu), India jointly with the JSS University, Mysore. The book is expected to be of great value and resource material to researchers and professionals who are dealing with herbal drugs research on its various dimensions.

Table of Contents

Foreword v Prof. (Dr.) P. Pushpangadan Preface vii Prof. Dr. Suresh Bhojraj, Dr. Tijen Talas-Ogras, Dr. Shamiem Adam and Dr. Subba Rao V. Madhunapantula Introduction xi Prof. (Dr.) Arun P. Kulshreshtha I. Anti-Diabetic Drugs 1. Anti-Hyperglycemic Agents from Natural Sources: In vitro and In vivo Studies 3 2. Anti-diabetes Compounds from Aspergillus terreus 17 3. The Biochemical Study on the Effects of Therapeutic Combination of Herbal Extracts in Diabetic Atherosclerosis 33 4. Prophylactic Potential and Medicinal Properties of Protein Sweeteners from Underutilised Plant Species 43 5. Effect of Aqueous Extract of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) on Glucose, Insulin, Lipid Profile and Various Related Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Individuals 61 6. The Need for an Integrated, Multi-target In vitro Anti-diabetic Screening Platform 87 7. Anti-Glycation and Glycation Reversing Potential of Salacia reticulata L. (Kothala Himbutu) Root, Stem, Leaf and Twig Extracts 109 II. Anti-Microbial Agents from Plants 8. Potential Application of Tylosema esculentum Tuber Extractives in Treatment of Antibacterial Infections 121 9. Detection of the Antimicrobial Activity of some Myanmar Medicinal Plants 135 10. Antimicrobial and Toxicity Studies of the Aqueous Extract of the Roots of Zanthozylum zanthozyloides (Lam. Zepern and Timler; Rutaceae) on Mice and Wistar Rats 145 11. Chemical Screening and In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Plants Used by Rwandan Traditional Healers to Treat HIV/Aids Opportunistic Diseases 175 12. Antibacterial and Antifungal Potential of Plant Seeds 189 III. Beneficial Effects on Health and Toxicity Studies of Herbal Drugs 13. Sedative Activity of Essential Oil from Heracleum afghanicum KITAMURA Seeds 203 14. Mechanism of Action of Active Constituents from Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. rubrum (Halia Bara) on Psoriasis 211 15. Assessment of Enzyme Activities and Heamatological Parameters in Male Wister Rats Administered with Aqueous Extract of Massularia acuminata Root. 233 16. Sub-chronic Toxicity of Detogen-B: A Herbal Detoxifying Product 247 17. Acute Toxicity Studies of Ethanol Extracts of the Seeds of Physostigma venenosum (Balf.): Biochemical and Hematological Effects on Wister Albino Rats 259 18. Complementary Medicines (Category D Medicines) Quality, Safety and Efficacy 267 19. Neurobehavioural Toxicity Study of a Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Boophone disticha in Sprague Dawley Rats 277 IV. Herbal Drug Research in Developing Countries 20. Traditional Medicine in Cambodia 293 21. Accumulation and Production of Total Indole Alkaloids, Vinblastine and Vincristine from Egyptian Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Calli Cultures by using Levels of Cytokinins (Kin) 297 22. Herbal Medicine in Egypt between Ancient and Modern Civilization 313 23. Identification of Herbal Drugs 321 24. Herbals from the High Mountains in the East Mediterranean 327 25. Traditional Herbs and Allergy: An Investigation from Vietnam 369 Mysore - Ooty Resolution on Herbal and Medicine Knowledge for Health and Wellness 377