Agro-based Adsorbents for Chromium Removal

by Sohail Ayub

ISBN: 9789386615367
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Imprint : Scholars World
Year : 2018
Price : Rs. 5495.00
Biblio : xviii+136p., figs., tabls., 25 cm

Author Profile

Dr. Sohail Ayub is currently an Associate Professor in Environmental Engineering Section, Department of Civil Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., India. He lectures extensively in the area of environmental engineering. With about two decades of various experience, in academic, industries, and consulting, his expertise in environmental engineering covers a variety of first hand practical experience both in field and in the laboratory.

About The Book

The book provides extensive technical information about performance of agro- based adsorbents for the treatment of metal plating wastewater, hexavalent chromium toxicity, various industrial wastewater treatment methods, adsorption and its classification, evaluation of agriculture waste performance in the removal of hexavalent chromium bearing wastewater by adsorption. Using low cost alternative adsorbent is a demanding area in the wastewater treatment technology. Further, activated carbon from biomass has the advantage of offering an effected low cost replacement for non – renewable coal based granular activated carbon provided that they have similar or better adsorption efficiency. The effectiveness of various adsorbents under different physico-chemical process parameters and their comparative adsorption capacity towards hexavalent chromium adsorption has also been presented. The book also includes the effective adsorption factors of hexavalent chromium such as pH, initial concentration effect, adsorbent doses, adsorbent sizes and temperature. The applicability of various adsorption kinetic models and isotherm models for Cr(VI) removal by wide range of adsorbents is also reported.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements v Preface vii List of Figures xiii List of Tables xvii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 General 1.2 Chemistry of Chromium 1.2.1 Use of Chromium 1.2.2 Disposal of Chromium 2. Electroplating Operations: Process Details, Wastewater Generation, Treatment Methods and Disposal 5 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Electroplating Processes 2.3 Sources of Wastewater 2.3.1 General 2.3.2 Cleaning Solutions 2.3.3 Spent Alkaline and Rinse Waters 2.3.4 Acid Pickling and Rinse Waters 2.3.5 Cyanide Concentrations 2.3.6 Chromate Wastes 2.3.7 Metal Wastes from other Plating Wastes 2.3.8 Floor Washes 2.3.9 Regeneration Wastes 2.3.10 Composite Wastewater Concentration 2.4 Methods of Plating Waste Treatment 2.4.1 Precipitation 2.4.2 Ion Exchange 2.4.3 Reverse Osmosis 2.4.4 Adsorption Process 2.5 Disposal of Metal Plating Wastes 3. Adsorption: Adsorption and Review of Recent Investigations 19 3.1 General 3.1.1 Physical Adsorption 3.1.2 Chemical Adsorption 3.1.3 Activated Adsorption 3.2 Theory of Adsorption 3.2.1 Adsorption Phenomena 3.2.2 Adsorption Rate Kinetics 3.3 Interpretation of Isotherms 3.4 Types of Adsorption Systems 3.4.1 Batch Adsorption Systems 3.4.2 Column Adsorption Systems 3.5 Review of Recent Investigations 4. Objective of the Present Work and its Relationship with the Previous 41 5. Materials and Methods 45 5.1 Collection of Samples and Site Description 5.2 Selection of Adsorbents and Sample Preparation 5.3 Chemicals 5.4 Experimental Procedure 5.4.1 Batch Studies 5.4.2 Column Studies 5.4.3 Hydrolysis of Adsorbent and Desorption 6. Results and Discussions 53 6.1 Coconut Shell 6.1.1 Batch Study Parameters 6.1.2 Column Study 6.1.3 Desorption and Hydrolysis Tests 6.2 Neem Bark (Azadirichta indica) 6.2.1 Batch Study Parameters 6.2.2 Column Study 6.2.3 Desorption and Hydrolysis Test 6.3 Sugar Cane Bagasse 6.3.1 Batch Study Parameters 6.3.2 Column Study 6.3.3 Desorption and Hydrolysis Test 6.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy 6.5 Comparison of Coconut Shell, Neem Bark and Sugar cane Bagasse Adsorbents 7. Conclusion and Recommendations 89 References 91 Appendices 103