Native North-Eastern Ornamental Fish Breeding Techniques

by Bhosale, M.M. & S Felix

ISBN: 9789354615313
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Imprint : Scholars World
Year : 2023
Price : Rs. 5995.00
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Author Profile

Dr. Mangesh M. Bhosale had his Ph.D with Senior Research Fellowship at the Aquatic Rainbow Technology Park (ARTP), Department of Aquaculture, Fisheries College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Ponneri. He has carried out applied research in advanced aquariculture production systems, fish reproduction and live food production systems. He has published many research papers in national and international journals. He received his B.F.Sc candidature from College of Fishery Science, MAFSU, Udgir and Master degree (M.F.Sc., Fish Biotechnology) from College of Fisheries, Dr. BSKKV, Ratnagiri. Prof. S. Felix has 38 years of teaching and research experience in aquaculture. He is the Past President of World Aquaculture Society-Asian Pacific Chapter and he has also served as Director of the World Aquaculture Society( APC). Prof. S. Felix has served as Second Vice Chancellor of Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University and also served as Dean of the Fisheries College in Tamilnadu, India. He has developed 40 Constituent units for the University including half a dozen new Fisheries Institutes to impart fisheries education and trainings. He developed and introduced the Raceway culture technology for the first time in India. Under his effective leadership the Aquatic Rainbow Technology Park and an Aquatic Rainbow Mall for ornamental fish culture were developed at Chennai, as first of its kind in the country. He has 10 patents published on various aquaculture technologies to his credit. He has published 15 Text Books, 50 Manuals and more than 150 Research papers and reports. Introduced 30 new courses comprising UG, PG ,Ph.D and Paraprofessional programs. Implemented 30 R&D and Technology projects to develop a dozen aquaculture technologies for the benefit of farmers.

About The Book

The book covers detailed information about mass production of living capsules, freshwater rotifers, in both the ways, conventional and advanced systems. Further, the book covered detailed information about design, construction and operation of RAS based rotifer culture system with minimum water wastage for commercial operation of finfish and shellfish hatcheries. The detailed experiments on algal production focused on enhancement of pigment content and biomass production of most cultured algal species, Chlorella vulgaris. All cultured ornamental fish species groups from North East India are addressed. Species collection, acclimatization, brood stock development, design and construction of advanced hatcheries & larval rearing raceways have been explained in details. Essential new facts on induced breeding and larval rearing of North East Indian ornamental fishes namely Danio dangila and Puntius sophore in advanced aquaculture system for mass production have been included. Further the book covered the most important portion of nutrition and feeds for effective growth of larva during their initial life stages. This book will be helpful for fish and crustacean farmers to understand the basic principles of advanced aquaculture systems all over the world and will surely help nation to develop blue economy more stable without affecting natural biodiversity.

Table of Contents

Preface v List of Tables xv List of Figures xvii List of Plates xix 1. Introduction 1 2. Review of Literature 5 2.1 Systematic position of fish species investigated 5 2.2 Brief description of the species 5 2.2.1 Moustached danio (Danio dangila) 5 2.2.2 Sophore barb (Puntius sophore) 5 2.3 Induced breeding of ornamental fishes at globe and India 6 2.4 Status of induced breeding of North-East ornamental fishes 7 2.5 Role of synthetic hormones in induced breeding 7 2.6 Systematic position of fresh water Rotifer 10 2.7 Role of live food in aquaricuture 10 2.8 Technologies for rotifer production 11 2.9 Role of micro-algae on rotifer production 12 2.10 Technologies on algal (Chlorella vulgaris) production 12 2.11 Role of probiotics in larval rearing 14 2.12 Effect of probiotic incorporated feed on larval health 14 2.13 Raceway technology for larval rearing 15 2.14 Effect of stocking densities on larval rearing 15 3. Materials and Methods 17 3.1 Induced breeding of Danio dangila and Puntius sophore 17 3.1.1 Sample collection and experimental site for animals 17 3.1.2 Physico-Chemical parameters of water 22 3.1.3 Selection of brooders 23 3.1.4 Setting of spawning tank 24 3.1.5 Procurement of hormone and preparation 24 3.1.6 Induced breeding 24 3.1.7 Breeding performance 27 3.1.8 Embryonic and post-embryonic stages 28 3.2 Mass production of fresh water Rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus) in outdoor culture system29 3.2.1 Procurement and preparation of Rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus) stock29 3.2.2 Procurement and preparation of Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina major and Scenedismus obliquus cultures29 3.2.3 Experimental setup 30 3.2.4 Sampling of Rotifers 32 3.2.5 Feeding intensity 32 3.3 Mass production of Chlorella vulgaris 34 3.3.1 Procurement of C. vulgaris and media for culture 34 3.3.2 Design of internal photobioreactor 34 3.3.3 Control of Ciliates 34 3.3.4 Measurement of Chlorella vulgaris biomass and specific growth rate 35 3.3.5 Determination of protein content in C. vulgaris 35 3.3.6 Determination of lipid content in C. vulgaris 36 3.3.7 Determination of pigment content 36 3.4 Mass production of freshwater Rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus) in indoor culture system 37 3.4.1 Sourcing of Rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus) 37 3.4.2 Experimental design 37 3.4.3 Sampling of Rotifers 37 3.4.4 Estimation of algal ingestion rate by rotifer 39 3.4.5 Mass culture and harvesting protocol 39 3.4.6 Maintenance of Algal culture 40 3.4.7 RAS (Recirculatory Aquaculture System) facility for continuous culture of rotifer40 3.5 Formulation of probiotic incorporated encapsulated feed 45 3.5.1 Isolation, identification and characterization of Lactobacillus sp. from selected fish intestine as a probiotic45 3.5.2 Feed preparation 49 3.5.3 Encapsulation of probiotic bacteria in feed 50 3.5.4 LAB occurrence test 52 3.5.5 Effect of probiotic incorporated encapsulated feed on larval growth52 3.5.6 Histological analysis of selected fish species 53 3.6 Larval rearing of selected ornamental fishes 53 3.6.1 Effect of rearing system and stocking density on larval rearing53 3.7 Statistical analysis 57 4. Results 59 4.1 Induced breeding of Moustached danio, Danio dangila (Hamilton, 1822)59 4.1.1 Breeding behavior 59 4.1.2 Latency period 59 4.1.3 Number of eggs spawned 59 4.1.4 Fertilization rate 60 4.1.5 Hatching rate 60 4.2 Induced breeding of Sophore barb, Puntius sophore (Hamilton,1822)65 4.2.1 Breeding behavior 66 4.2.2 Latency period 66 4.2.3 Number of eggs spawned 66 4.2.4 Fertilization rate 66 4.2.5 Hatching rate 66 4.3 Mass production of Rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus in outdoor culture system72 4.3.1 Effect of different food types on the growth of Rotifer, B. calyciflorus 72 4.3.2 Effect of feeding interval on rotifer, B. calyciflorus production 73 4.3.3 Water quality parameters 74 4.4 Mass production of single cell algae, Chlorella vulgaris 75 4.4.1 Effect of light wavelengths on Chlorella vulgaris production 75 4.4.2 Effect of different light wavelengths at 5k lux on cell size, protein and pigment enhancement in C. vulgaris76 4.4.3 Control of Ciliates 78 4.5 Mass production of Rotifers, B. calyciflorus in indoor RAS based system 79 4.5.1 Effect of different food type on rotifer production in indoor culture system 4.5.2 Estimation of algal, Chlorella vulgaris, consumption rate by individual rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus80 4.5.3 Effect of daily harvest rate on Rotifer production: 81 4.5.4 Effect of Recirculatory Aquaculture system (RAS) on Rotifer production 82 4.6 Formulation of probiotic incorporated encapsulated feed 85 4.6.1 Isolation, identification and characterization of Lactobacillus sp. from fish intestine 4.6.2 Preparation and characterization of probiotic incorporated encapsulated feed 4.6.3 Effect of probiotic incorporated feed on larval growth 90 4.6.4 Histological analysis of selected fish species 91 4.7 Larval rearing of Danio dangila and Puntius sophore 94 4.7.1 Effect of rearing system and stocking density on Danio dangila 94 4.7.2 Effect of rearing system and stocking density on Puntius sophore 5. Discussion 103 5.1 Induced breeding of North-East region based ornamental fishes, Moustached Danio, Danio dangila and Sophore barb, Puntius sophore in captivity 103 5.1.1 Induced breeding of Moustached Danio, Danio dangila 103 5.1.2 Induced breeding of Sophore barb, Puntius sophore 105 5.2.1 Mass production of freshwater Rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus in outdoor culture system 5.2.2 Biomass production and pigment enhancement of single cell algae, Chlorella vulgaris in internal photobioreactor 5.2.3 Mass production of freshwater Rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus in indoor culture system 112 5.3 Formulation of Probiotic incorporated encapsulated feed 115 5.3.1 Isolation, identification and characterization of Lactobacillus sp. from fish gut 5.3.2 Preparation and characterization of probiotic incorporated encapsulated feed 117 5.3.3 Effect of probiotic incorporated encapsulated feed on larval growth of D. dangila and P. sophore 5.4 Larval rearing of Danio dangila and Puntius sophore 119 5.4.1 Effect of rearing system and stocking density on Danio dangila 119 5.4.1 Effect of rearing system and stocking density on Puntius sophore 6. Summary and Conclusion 123 7. References 127